Some Income Sources in Göynük-Bolu, and Their Administration: Timar, Zeamet, and Mukataas, (H. 1154- 1307/A.D. 1741-1889)

Abstract

The incomes of timar, zeamet and mukataa in Göynük, Bolu were granted to the iltizam for a period of one year mostly. Among the mukataas in Göynük are mukataas for coffee and sheep, the Mihal Bey Mukataa, Göynük and tevabii mukataa and Etmekçibaşı Ocas mukataa. The sources of income in Göynük were managed by the tax collectors (mültezim). Among them the tax of sheep and etmekçi hassı mukataas were trasformed to be the state land held by a private owner (malikane). The registers kept by qadis provide information on both the subject of malikane, as well as the conflicts among them.

Some of the income sources documented by Timar, Zeamet and mukataas were the fines called cerime and tax items taken from basic needs of obligatory consumption. Perhaps the most remarkable one among them was the one taken from silk called öşr-i harir indicating that the silk production was made in the town.